W Radomiu powstały ścieżki questingowe – Miejski Ośrodek Sportu i Rekreacji w Radomiu

Pięć ścieżek questingowych powstało w ramach projektu „Radom atrakcyjny turystycznie”, finansowanego z Budżetu Obywatelskiego. Questing to forma edukacyjnej gry terenowej, która prowadzi nieoznakowanym turystycznym szlakiem, który za pomocą rymów i zagadek oprowadza po wyjątkowych, ale często zapomnianych miejscach. Celem przygody jest odkrycie ukrytego skarbu, a tym samym poznanie dziedzictwa miejsca, jego zapomnianych legend, podań i historii.

– Questing to bardzo ciekawe połączenie edukacji i zabawy, Dla wielu osób może to być świetny pomysł na spędzenie wolnego czasu. Pozwala odkryć ciekawe miejsca i ciekawe historie, o których nie wszyscy wiedzą. Zachęcamy do poznawania Radomia zarówno samych mieszkańców miasta, jak i naszych gości – mówi wiceprezydent Mateusz Tyczyński.

Fundacja Questingu opracowała dla Radomia pięć szlaków: „Symbole przemysłowego Radomia”, „Moje życie, mój Radom – historia pewnego malarza”, „Radomskie Planty”, „Radomski Czerwiec ’76” oraz „Wojenny Radom”. Teksty trzech pierwszych questów zostały napisane wierszem, a pozostałe – wierszowaną prozą. Do przebycia poszczególnych ścieżek potrzeba co najmniej 35 minut. Każdorazowo nagrodą w queście (tzw. skarbem) jest obiekt w terenie, który należy przerysować na kartę questu.

Scenariusze wszystkich questów w języku polskim i angielskim można pobrać w wersji elektronicznej http://questing.pl/wybierz-sie-z-nami-do-radomia/ lub w formie drukowanej w Centrum Informacji Turystycznej przy ul. Rwańskiej 16 oraz przy pl. Dworcowym 2.

Projekt został zrealizowany we współpracy Fundacji Questingu, Urzędu Miejskiego oraz Miejskiego Ośrodka Sportu i Rekreacji.

Nowy Mosir

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Anabolic Steroids: Types, Uses, And Risks

**The Hidden Toll of Drug Abuse: Understanding the Side Effects**

Drug abuse is often discussed in terms of addiction,
crime, and public health crises. Yet another critical dimension frequently overlooked is the array of
side effects that accompany chronic drug use—effects that can be
immediate, long‑term, or even fatal. These adverse outcomes are not
limited to illicit substances; prescription medications taken outside their intended dosage or for
non‑medical reasons can also trigger a cascade of harmful reactions.

Below we explore the most common and consequential side effects
of drug abuse across various classes of drugs—opioids,
stimulants, sedatives, hallucinogens, and cannabinoids. Understanding these effects
is essential not only for healthcare providers
but also for patients, families, and communities working
to mitigate the impact of substance misuse.

—

### 1. Opioid‑Related Side Effects

| **Effect** | **Mechanism & Consequences** |
|————|——————————|
| Respiratory depression | Opioids inhibit medullary centers controlling breathing,
leading to shallow or absent respiration. Can progress to hypoxia and death.
|
| Hypotension and bradycardia | Sympathetic blockade causes vasodilation and decreased heart rate; may precipitate
shock in severe cases. |
| Cognitive impairment & sedation | Central nervous
system depression reduces arousal, memory, and motor coordination—risk factor
for accidents. |
| Gastrointestinal stasis (constipation) | Decreased gut motility
due to alpha-2 adrenergic stimulation leads to severe constipation if
untreated. |
| Physical dependence & withdrawal | Chronic use induces neuroadaptive changes; abrupt
cessation produces autonomic symptoms (e.g., tremor,
agitation). |

—

## 3. How to Use the Handbook

1. **Identify the drug**: Locate the name in the alphabetical index or
use the „Search” function on the electronic version.
2. **Read all sections**: Each entry covers *Indications*, *Dosage &
Administration*, *Contraindications*, *Side‑Effects*, and *Drug Interactions*—all essential for safe prescribing.

3. **Check patient factors**: Before prescribing,
review the patient’s comorbidities, renal/hepatic function, concurrent medications, and pregnancy
status to avoid contraindicated use or dangerous
interactions.
4. **Document**: Record dose, frequency, monitoring parameters (e.g., blood pressure, lab values) in the medical record.

5. **Re‑evaluate**: Monitor for efficacy and adverse effects; adjust dosing as needed.

—

## 3. What Are the Key Contraindications and Interactions?

| Drug Class | Major Contraindications | Critical Interaction(s) |
|————|————————|————————-|
| **Beta‑Blockers (e.g., metoprolol, atenolol)** | Severe bradycardia, second/third‑degree AV block without pacemaker, acute decompensated
heart failure, asthma/COPD in patients with beta‑2 sensitivity.
| – Calcium channel blockers (verapamil/diltiazem) → additive negative chronotropic
effect.
– Non‑selective β‑blockers + propranolol → risk of severe bradycardia.

– Digoxin → ↑ digoxin levels. |
| **ACE Inhibitors / ARBs** | Hyperkalemia, renal insufficiency (Cr>3 mg/dL),
bilateral renal artery stenosis. | – NSAIDs → decreased
GFR; avoid concurrent use. |
| **Statins** | Hepatic dysfunction (AST/ALT >3× ULN).
| – CYP3A4 inhibitors (ketoconazole, clarithromycin) → increased statin levels → rhabdomyolysis risk.
|
| **Beta‑agonists (SABA)** | Severe bradycardia, arrhythmias.

| – Overuse may lead to tachyphylaxis; monitor usage.

—

## 4. Follow‑Up Plan

| Time After Discharge | Assessment / Action |
|———————-|———————|
| **Day 3–5** (phone call) | Ask about symptom progression, medication adherence,
any side‑effects, inhaler technique. |
| **Week 1** | In‑person or telehealth visit: evaluate symptoms, spirometry if possible,
check inhaler technique, reinforce education. |
| **Week 4** | Repeat assessment: confirm symptom control (ACT 38 °C after 48 h, new chest pain, increasing
dyspnea).
– **Day 8–14:** Self‑assess; if symptoms resolve, consider discharge from monitoring.
If symptoms persist beyond day 10, evaluate for further imaging or specialist referral.

—

## 4. Clinical Decision Rules / Flowchart (Textual)

1. **Initial assessment**
– If any of the following present → **Immediate ED visit**:
* Severe shortness of breath;
* Chest pain;
* Fever >38 °C for >48 h;
* Worsening symptoms after initial improvement.

2. **Outpatient monitoring** (if no red‑flag criteria)
– Provide home monitoring kit and instruction sheet.
– Set up daily telehealth check‑ins.
– If any new symptom or worsening → contact provider immediately.

3. **Escalation path**
– Day 1–2: stable, mild symptoms → routine vitals & labs.

– Day 3–5: if still symptomatic → repeat labs and consider imaging.

– Day >7: If no improvement or new findings → urgent referral for advanced care.

—

## Quick‑Reference Table

| **Day** | **Symptoms / Findings** | **Action** |
|———|————————–|————|
| 1–2 | Mild cough, low fever; normal vitals | Home care, monitor.
|
| 3–5 | Persistent fever >38 °C or worsening dyspnea
| Labs (CBC, CRP, D‑dimer), chest X‑ray. |
| 6–7 | Elevated inflammatory markers or imaging
infiltrates | Consider corticosteroids ± anticoagulation; evaluate for ICU transfer.
|
| ≥8 | Respiratory failure or hemodynamic instability | Admit to ICU,
mechanical ventilation if indicated. |

—

### References

1. **World Health Organization**. Clinical management of COVID‑19:
Interim guidance (2023).
2. **European Society of Cardiology / ESC Working Group on COVID‑19**.
Recommendations for cardiovascular care during the
pandemic (2024).
3. **American College of Chest Physicians**.
Guidelines for anticoagulation and anti‑inflammatory therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID‑19 (2025).

—

**Prepared by:** Dr. Name, M.D., Ph.D.
Specialist in Cardiovascular Medicine & Infectious Diseases
Institution / Hospital – Department of Cardiology
Date: 29 April 2024
—

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The Impactful Benefits Of Oxandrolone For Muscle Gain

The Problem of Excessive Sugar Consumption

Consuming too much sugar on a regular basis can lead to a range of health problems,
from weight gain and dental decay to increased risk for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes
and heart disease. For many people, the main source of excess sugar comes not
only from obvious sweets but also from hidden sugars
found in beverages, processed foods, and even savory items.

Why Hidden Sugars Matter

Many packaged foods carry sugar labels that may seem small at first glance, yet when you add them all up throughout the day it can become a large amount.
A single soda or energy drink can contain more than 40 grams of sugar –
roughly the same as about ten teaspoons. Even seemingly „healthy” products like flavored yogurt, granola bars, or breakfast cereals
often have added sugars that accumulate quickly.

Practical Steps to Reduce Sugar Intake

Read Labels Carefully

Look at both the ingredient list and the nutrition facts.

Ingredients are listed in order of quantity, so if sugar is high
up near the top, it’s likely a significant component.

Choose Unsweetened or Naturally Sweet Options

Opt for plain milk or water instead of flavored drinks. Replace sweetened coffee drinks with unsweetened versions and add minimal amounts
of natural sweeteners like stevia or small amounts of honey
if needed.

Use Whole Fruits Instead of Fruit Juices

Whole fruits contain fiber that slows sugar
absorption, whereas fruit juices can spike blood sugar levels quickly.

Limit Processed Foods

Packaged snacks and desserts often contain hidden sugars. Stick to fresh foods or
minimally processed items where the ingredient list is
short and clear.

Read Labels Carefully

Sugar may be listed under many names: sucrose, glucose, fructose,
maltose, high-fructose corn syrup, honey, molasses, etc.
The presence of any of these indicates added sugar.

Set a Daily Limit

Many health authorities recommend limiting added sugars
to less than 10% of total daily calories. For a typical 2000‑calorie diet that’s about 50 grams (or ~12 teaspoons) per day,
but most people consume far more.

Track Your Intake

Use a food diary or an app to monitor how much sugar you’re eating each day.
Seeing the numbers can help you make changes.

What „High Sugar” Actually Means

Added vs Natural Sugars

Added sugars: Sweeteners that are added during processing
(e.g., cane sugar, high‑fructose corn syrup). These contribute calories but little else.

Natural sugars: Those found naturally in foods
like fruits (fructose) or milk (lactose). They’re part of a whole food matrix and usually come with fiber,
vitamins, minerals, and protein.

Sweetness Perception

People often equate „high sugar” with how sweet something tastes.
However, sweetness can be achieved with fewer calories by using artificial sweeteners or
high‑intensity natural sweeteners (e.g., stevia).
Therefore, a food might taste very sweet but contain little sugar.

—

How to Identify High‑Sugar Foods

Below are practical ways to spot foods that contain large amounts of added sugars,
along with examples of typical ingredients and their common names:

Category Typical Added Sugar Sources Common Names/Forms What They Look Like on Labels

Beverages Soft drinks, fruit‑flavored sodas, energy drinks, sweetened teas, flavored coffees High‑fructose corn syrup (HFCS), cane sugar,
glucose syrup, rice syrup „Sugar: 35 g per can” or „15% of the Daily Value”

Condiments Ketchup, barbecue sauce, honey mustard, sweet chili
sauce HFCS, agave nectar, maple syrup, molasses „Contains 12 g sugar per serving”

Bakery & Confectionery Cakes, cookies, pastries, donuts HFCS, cane sugar, invert sugar,
corn syrup „Total sugars: 20 g per slice”

Beverages Sweetened iced tea, soda, energy drinks, fruit punches
HFCS, high‑fructose corn syrup, cane sugar, sucrose „Added sugars: 35 g (≈8.75 Tbsp) per can”

—

Added Sugar and Calorie Content in the Product

Category Typical Amount of Added Sugar per Serving
Calories from Added Sugar

Soft drinks 10–12 g added sugar per 100 ml (≈40–48 g
per 350 ml can) ~160 kcal (since 1 g sugar ≈4 kcal)

Energy drinks 7–9 g added sugar per 100 ml (≈25–35 g per 250 ml can) ~100–140 kcal

Fruit‑flavored sodas 12–15 g added sugar per 100 ml (≈45–56 g per 350 ml can) ~180–220 kcal

> Note: These values are approximations based on typical U.S.

market products. Exact figures depend on the brand and formulation.

—

4. How Much Sugar is Too Much?

The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends that men limit added sugar to no more than 36 grams per day (≈9 teaspoons).
Women should stay below 25 grams per day (≈6
teaspoons).

Because many soft‑drink cans already contain around 40–55 g of sugar,
a single can typically exceeds the AHA’s daily recommendation for men and far surpasses it for women. Consuming
such drinks regularly pushes you well beyond safe intake levels.

—

5. How Much Sugar is in a Typical Soft‑Drink Can?

Below are average values (approximate; exact numbers vary by brand).
The range reflects different formulations, especially for diet versions that use artificial sweeteners
instead of sugar.

Beverage Type Calories (kcal) Total Carbs (g) Sugars (g) Notes

Regular Cola 140–150 39–40 39–40 All calories from sugar.

Diet/Zero Cola 0–5 1 month anavar results 0 Uses artificial sweeteners; no
sugar.

Root Beer (regular) 150–160 38–40 38–40 Similar to cola.

Root Beer (diet) 0–5 <1 0 Artificial sweeteners only.

Cream Soda 140–160 39–41 39–41 Sugar-based, similar calories.

Lemon/Lime Sodas 150–170 38–40 38–40 Consistent with colas and root beers.

—

Key Takeaways

Sugar‑Based Soft Drinks

– The standard 12‑oz can of a sugar‑based soft drink contains roughly 140–170 calories, all from carbohydrates (about 35–40 g).

– This translates to about 5 teaspoons (20 g) of sugar per serving.

Diet / Sugar‑Free Soft Drinks

– These versions contain virtually no calories—typically 0–1 calories per can—as they use non‑nutritive sweeteners or are artificially sweetened.

Variations Across Brands

– While calorie counts are similar across major brands, slight differences exist due to variations in sweetness level, formulation, and added flavorings.

Practical Takeaway

– If you’re monitoring caloric or sugar intake, a standard can of soda adds roughly 150–170 kcal and 15–17 g of sugar to your daily diet—substantial amounts that many people exceed in one day.

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The combination of CJC 1295 and Ipamorelin has become a popular choice among individuals seeking to enhance muscle growth, improve recovery, and promote overall vitality.

While the synergy between these two peptides can produce impressive
anabolic effects, it is essential to understand the potential
side effects that may arise from their use.
Below we delve into a comprehensive overview of each peptide, the science behind peptide therapy, and an in-depth look at how their combination might impact your body.

A Closer Look at the Combination of CJC 1295 and Ipamorelin

CJC 1295 is a long‑acting growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP) that stimulates
the pituitary gland to secrete growth hormone over
extended periods. Ipamorelin, on the other hand, is a selective ghrelin receptor agonist that also prompts growth hormone release but with a more precise action and fewer hormonal side effects.
When used together, these peptides can produce a sustained elevation in circulating growth hormone
levels while minimizing the peaks and troughs
associated with single‑peptide protocols.

The synergy between CJC cdj 1295 and ipamorelin side effects’s long‑acting profile and Ipamorelin’s
targeted stimulation offers several theoretical advantages:

Consistent growth hormone exposure throughout the day

Reduced risk of excessive insulin-like growth factor‑1 (IGF‑1) spikes

Lower likelihood of adverse effects such as water retention or joint pain that sometimes accompany other GHRPs

However, with these benefits come potential side effects.
Commonly reported symptoms include transient swelling at injection sites, mild headaches, fatigue during the first
few weeks of use, and occasional nausea. In some cases,
users have noted a subtle increase in appetite due
to ghrelin pathway activation by Ipamorelin. More serious but less
frequent complications involve changes in glucose metabolism, elevated
blood pressure, or alterations in hormone levels that could affect thyroid
or adrenal function.

Introduction to CJC 1295 and Ipamorelin

CJC 1295 is a synthetic analog of growth hormone‑releasing hormone
(GHRH). It binds to the GHRH receptor on pituitary cells, leading to
an upsurge in endogenous growth hormone release.
Its extended half‑life—thanks to modifications that prevent rapid degradation—allows for once‑daily or even less frequent dosing schedules.
This peptide has been studied primarily for its potential
in anti‑aging therapies, muscle wasting disorders, and as a supplement for athletes.

Ipamorelin is one of the newer members of the ghrelin receptor agonist
family. It mimics the natural hunger hormone ghrelin but
does so selectively without triggering many of the side effects associated with other
GHRPs such as increased cortisol or prolactin. Its short half‑life necessitates more
frequent injections, yet its high potency means that lower doses can achieve significant
growth hormone stimulation.

Both peptides act synergistically to elevate growth hormone levels while
maintaining a relatively balanced hormonal environment.

This characteristic has made the combination particularly attractive for those
seeking anabolic benefits without the harsher side effects of
older protocols.

Understanding Peptide Therapy

Peptide therapy involves administering short chains
of amino acids that influence specific physiological pathways.
Unlike traditional drugs that often target receptors in broad ways, peptides
can be designed to interact with precise molecular targets,
leading to more tailored therapeutic outcomes. In the context of growth hormone modulation, peptide therapy offers a means to stimulate natural hormone production rather than injecting exogenous hormones
directly.

Key considerations for anyone exploring peptide therapy include:

The route of administration (most commonly subcutaneous injection) and its
impact on absorption rates

The importance of dosage timing relative to meals, exercise, and sleep cycles to maximize efficacy

Potential interactions with other medications or supplements that might affect hormonal balance

Side effects are an integral part of this conversation. While many users report minimal discomfort, the body’s endocrine system is delicate, and even subtle disturbances can lead to measurable changes in metabolism, cardiovascular health, or psychological well‑being.

When considering a regimen involving CJC 1295 and Ipamorelin, it is crucial to weigh these potential side effects against your
individual health goals. Monitoring blood work, keeping a symptom diary, and consulting with
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Anavar is one of the most popular anabolic steroids used for cutting cycles,
muscle preservation during calorie deficits, and mild bulking.
The typical dosage ranges from 20 mg to 80 mg per day depending on experience level, gender, and
goals. New users often start with 20‑30 mg daily, while seasoned athletes
may push up to 60‑80 mg for a four‑to‑six‑week cycle.
The recommended length of an Anavar cycle is usually six
weeks; longer durations increase the risk of side effects
such as hair loss or liver strain. Post‑cycle therapy (PCT) is
generally not required after a short, low‑dose Anavar cycle,
but if higher doses are used, a mild PCT with agents like Nolvadex or Clomid can help restore natural hormone production.

Anavar vs NPP: Which Should You Use?

When deciding between Anavar (Oxandrolone) and NPP (Nandrolone
Phenylpropionate), consider the purpose of your
cycle. Anavar is ideal for cutting phases because it preserves
lean muscle while encouraging fat loss, and it has
a relatively low androgenic profile that reduces the risk of
acne or hair loss. NPP is more suited to bulking cycles; it
promotes significant gains in muscle mass and
strength but comes with higher androgenic activity and potential
for gynecomastia if not managed properly. If you are looking for a quick, clean cut with minimal side effects, Anavar is the better choice.
For those aiming to add substantial size and strength over a longer period, NPP may be more effective.

Anavar vs NPP Comparison Table

Feature Anavar (Oxandrolone) NPP (Nandrolone Phenylpropionate)

Primary Use Cutting / muscle preservation Bulking / strength building

Typical Dose 20‑80 mg/day 200‑400 mg per week
(split into two injections)

Cycle Length 4–6 weeks 8–12 weeks

Androgenic Activity Low Moderate to high

Estrogen Conversion Minimal None (no aromatization)

Common Side Effects Mild acne, hair loss in predisposed
individuals Gynecomastia risk, water retention, joint
pain

Liver Toxicity Very low Low (injectable form)

Post‑Cycle Therapy Needed? Rarely Often required to restore
LH/FSH

Benefits of Anavar

Lean Muscle Retention

Anavar stimulates protein synthesis while being gentle on the liver
and not converting to estrogen. This makes it a go-to steroid for athletes who need to maintain muscle mass during calorie
restriction.

Fat Loss Enhancement

Users often report increased metabolic rate, which helps burn body fat more efficiently.
When combined with a proper diet and training program, Anavar can accelerate
the appearance of definition.

Low Androgenic Profile

Because Anavar has a low androgenic rating, it produces fewer androgen‑related side effects such as acne or excessive hair growth.
This makes it safer for beginners and those who are sensitive to hormones.

Easy Administration

The oral capsule form of Anavar is convenient; no injections or medical supervision are required, which appeals to bodybuilders who
prefer a simple regimen.

Minimal Estrogenic Side Effects

Unlike many other anabolic steroids, Anavar does not aromatize
into estrogen. This eliminates the risk of gynecomastia and water retention, allowing for cleaner results.

Fast Onset of Action

Many users notice changes in strength and definition within a few weeks of starting Anavar, making it effective for short‑term cycles or as
a bridge between longer programs.

Mild Mood Effects

While some steroids can lead to mood swings or aggression, Anavar typically has minimal impact on emotional well‑being, which is beneficial for athletes who need focus and consistency.

In summary, if your goal is to cut, preserve muscle, and minimize
side effects, Anavar’s dosage of 20‑80 mg per
day over a six‑week period is optimal. For those pursuing bulk gains, NPP offers
greater hypertrophy potential but requires longer cycles and more careful management of androgenic
side effects. Understanding these differences helps you choose the steroid that
best aligns with your training objectives and health considerations.